Capacitor

What is capacitor and capacitor calculations.

What is capacitor

Capacitor is an electronic component that stores electric charge. The capacitor is made of 2 close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric material. The plates accumulate electric charge when connected to power source. One plate accumulates positive charge and the other plate accumulates negative charge.

The capacitance is the amount of electric charge that is stored in the capacitor at voltage of 1 Volt.

The capacitance is measured in units of Farad (F).

The capacitor disconnects current in direct current (DC) circuits and short circuit in alternating current (AC) circuits.

Capacitor pictures

Capacitor symbols

Capacitor
Polarized capacitor
Variable capacitor
 

Capacitance

The capacitance (C) of the capacitor is equal to the electric charge (Q) divided by the voltage (V):

C=\frac{Q}{V}

C is the capacitance in farad (F)

Q is the electric charge  in coulombs (C), that is stored on the capacitor

V is the voltage between the capacitor's plates in volts (V)

Capacitance of plates capacitor

The capacitance (C) of the plates capacitor is equal to the permittivity (ε) times the plate area (A) divided by the gap or distance between the plates (d):

C=\varepsilon \times \frac{A}{d}

C is the capacitance of the capacitor, in farad (F).

ε is the permittivity of the capacitor's dialectic material, in farad per meter (F/m).

A is the area of the capacitor's plate in square meters (m2].

d is the distance between the capacitor's plates, in meters (m).

Capacitors in series

 

The total capacitance of capacitors in series, C1,C2,C3,.. :

\frac{1}{C_{Total}}=\frac{1}{C_{1}}+\frac{1}{C_{2}}+\frac{1}{C_{3}}+...

Capacitors in parallel

The total capacitance of capacitors in parallel, C1,C2,C3,.. :

CTotal = C1+C2+C3+...

Capacitor's current

The capacitor's momentary current ic(t) is equal to the capacitance of the capacitor,

times the derivative of the momentary capacitor's voltage vc(t):

i_c(t)=C\frac{dv_c(t)}{dt}

Capacitor's voltage

The capacitor's momentary voltage vc(t) is equal to the initial voltage of the capacitor,

plus 1/C times the integral of the momentary capacitor's current ic(t) over time t:

v_c(t)=v_c(0)+\frac{1}{C}\int_{0}^{t}i_c(\tau)d\tau

Energy of capacitor

The capacitor's stored energy EC in joules (J) is equal to the capacitance C in farad (F)

times the square capacitor's voltage VC in volts (V) divided by 2:

EC = C × VC 2 / 2

AC circuits

Angular frequency

ω = 2π f

ω - angular velocity measured in radians per second (rad/s)

f  - frequency measured in hertz (Hz).

Capacitor's reactance

X_C = -\frac{1}{\omega C}

Capacitor's impedance

Cartesian form:

Z_C = jX_C = -j\frac{1}{\omega C}

Polar form:

ZC = XC∟-90º

Capacitor types

Variable capacitor Variable capacitor has changeable capacitance
Electrolytic capacitor Electrolytic capacitors are used when high capacitance is needed. Most of the electrolytic capacitors are polarized
Spherical capacitor Spherical capacitor has a sphere shape
Power capacitor Power capacitors are used in high voltage power systems.
Ceramic capacitor Ceramic capacitor has ceramic dielectric material. Has high voltage functionality.
Tantalum capacitor Tantalum oxide dielectric material. Has high capacitance
Mica capacitor High accuracy capacitors
Paper capacitor Paper dielectric material

Currently, we have around 5663 calculators, conversion tables and usefull online tools and software features for students, teaching and teachers, designers and simply for everyone.

You can find at this page financial calculators, mortgage calculators, calculators for loans, calculators for auto loan and lease calculators, interest calculators, payment calculators, retirement calculators, amortization calculators, investment calculators, inflation calculators, finance calculators, income tax calculators, compound interest calculators, salary calculator, interest rate calculator, sales tax calculator, fitness & health calculators, bmi calculator, calorie calculators, body fat calculator, bmr calculator, ideal weight calculator, pace calculator, pregnancy calculator, pregnancy conception calculator, due date calculator, math calculators, scientific calculator, fraction calculator, percentage calculators, random number generator, triangle calculator, standard deviation calculator, other calculators, age calculator, date calculator, time calculator, hours calculator, gpa calculator, grade calculator, concrete calculator, subnet calculator, password generator conversion calculator and many other tools and for text editing and formating, downloading videos from Facebok (we built one of the most famous Facebook video downloader online tools). We also provide you online downloanders for YouTube, Linkedin, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok and other social media sites (please note we does not host any videos on its servers. All videos that you download are downloaded from Facebook's, YouTube's, Linkedin's, Instagram's, Twitter's, Snapchat's, TikTok's CDNs. We also specialise on keyboard shortcuts, ALT codes for Mac, Windows and Linux and other usefull hints and tools (how to write emoji online etc.)

There are many very usefull online free tools and we would be happy if you share our page to others or send us any suggestions for other tools which will come on your mind. Also in case you find any of our tools that it does not work properly or need a better translation - please let us know. Our tools will make your life easier or simply help you to do your work or duties faster and in more effective way.

These below are the most commonly used by many users all over the world.

And we are still developing more. Our goal is to become the one-stop, go-to site for people who need to make quick calculations or who need to find quick answer for basic conversions.

Additionally, we believe the internet should be a source of free information. Therefore, all of our tools and services are completely free, with no registration required. We coded and developed each calculator individually and put each one through strict, comprehensive testing. However, please inform us if you notice even the slightest error – your input is extremely valuable to us. While most calculators on Justfreetools.com are designed to be universally applicable for worldwide usage, some are for specific countries only.


Page Id: 1211

This website uses cookies to improve your experience, analyze traffic and display ads. Learn more